Accelerating the development of new quality agricultural productivity with scientific and technological innovation as the core has become an important way to ensure national food security, and new quality agricultural productive forces to ensuring national food security is also an important embodiment of the positive interaction between high-level security and high-quality development. However, in the process of ensuring national food security, China is still faces many practical constraints, such as deepening globalization, frequent extreme weather events, serve reduction of cultivated land area, the control of core technologies in the agricultural field, low comparative efficiency of grain production, and insufficient supply of agricultural technical personnel. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new quality productivity to ensure national food security from the dimensions of "external breakthrough" and "internal power," in order to help the country transition in the agricultural field from "a large country with a large population of smallholders" to "a large country with strong agriculture"—simultaneously fostering agricultural strength to ensure national food security.