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全球先进数字农业技术体系在中国粮食种植的试点实践探索
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Pilot Exploration of Global Advanced Digital Agricultural Technologies in China’s Grain Production
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    摘要:

    针对国家粮食单产提升和社会化服务两大战略需要,系统阐述了全球粮食生产所面临的气候变化等挑战和数字化时代的发展机遇,分析了全球先进数字农业技术体系构成。并以河南内黄县玉米北斗+智慧农业示范基地建设实现单产提升和赋能社会化服务为例,介绍了先进数字农业技术体系中的产量地图、土壤地图、精准(变量)播种、精准(变量)施肥、精准(变量)喷药、北斗导航和无人机遥感等技术的系统应用和效果,以及专委会围绕上述技术体系的推广所做的示范。内黄县的实践表明,系统性应用数字农业技术体系不仅实现了玉米大规模提升单产达24.5%,还可以极大改善谷物品质,如降低真菌毒素,且有更强韧性面对极端天气和病虫灾害的影响。先进数字农业技术的推广也将有利于保障粮食安全和培育农业新质生产力,推动乡村全面振兴长效机制的建立,为到2035年实现建设农业强国战略目标的达成贡献力量。

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    In response to the two major strategic needs of increasing national grain yield per unit area and 3rd-party professional services, this paper systematically expounds on the challenges such as climate change faced by global food production and the development opportunities in the digital age, and analyzes advanced digital agricultural technology systems in the world. Taking the construction of the BeiDou + Smart Agriculture Demonstration Base of Corn in Neihuang County, Henan Province by the United Board of Digital Agriculture of China Agricultural Machinery Distribution Association(UBDA of CAMDA) as an example, which has achieved an increase in yield per unit area and empowered 3rd-part professional services, this paper introduces the systematic application and effects of technology systems of digital agriculture, including yield maps, soil maps, precision (variable-rate) seeding, precision (variable-rate) fertilization, precision (variable-rate) spraying, BeiDou navigation, and UAV remote sensing. It also presents the demonstration and training activities carried out by the UBDA of CAMDA to promote above-mentioned technology systems. The practice in Neihuang shows that the systematic application of digital agriculture technologies has not only achieved a large-scale increase in corn yield per unit area by 24.5%, but also significantly improved the grain quality, such as reducing phyto-toxins. Moreover, it has enhanced the resilience to extreme weather and pests. The promotion of advanced digital agricultural technologies will also be conducive to ensuring national food security and the development of new quality productive forces, help establish a long-term mechanism for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and contribute to the achievement of the strategic goal of building an agricultural power by 2035.

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李 迅,潘 超.全球先进数字农业技术体系在中国粮食种植的试点实践探索[J].粮油食品科技,2025,33(3):21-33.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-05-23
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