In response to the challenges in achieving socialized services for agricultural enterprises, this study utilizes questionnaire survey data collected from agricultural enterprises in the main grain-producing areas of the three northeastern provinces. An ordered logit model was used to obtain the impact of the utilization levels of modern production factors on the difficulty of achieving agricultural socialized services., mainly including: for every unit increase in the utilization level of modern production factors, the relative probability of an increase by one level in the difficulty of achieving agricultural socialization services rises by at least 140%. Among them, the utilization level of advanced facilities and equipment has the most significant positive impact, whereas the level of financial capital utilization exhibits a negative effect. Operator age, village cadre experience and farmland damage negatively influence the achievement of socialized services, while higher of education levels have a positive effect. Further analysis reveals inter-provincial heterogeneity in the impact of modern production factor utilization levels on the difficulty of achieving agricultural socialized services. To conclude, first, main sales areas should develop to formulate support and subsidy policies for modern production factors tailored to main production areas; second, agricultural financing and credit policies should be optimized to alleviate enterprises’ s repayment pressure; third, precise provincial-level policies should be formulated.