Food security is crucial to the nation's well-being and the people's livelihoods. However, the current issues of grain loss and waste are severe, and safeguarding food security requires a balanced approach to both increasing supply and reducing waste. From a whole-industry-chain perspective, this analysis examined the grain industry in Jiangsu Province, and identified causes of grain loss and waste such as the increase in natural disasters and pest infestations, the need to improve the standardization of green grain storage and the modernization of logistics, excessive grain processing, and a weakened awareness of conservation. The discussion explored specific implementation paths for reducing grain loss at each stage such as production source, storage and logistics, processing and utilization, publicity and education, and proposed countermeasures such as strengthening the standardization system, driving technological innovation, enhancing emergency management, and consolidating implementation efforts.