In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China’s urbanization level, the transfer of agricultural population to cities has stepped up, and the number and scale of grain stored by farmers have shown a significant downward trend. However, the problem of grain postpartum loss caused by improper storage of farmers is still prominent every year. This paper mainly conducts in-depth investigation and analysis on the characteristics, loss rate and loss causes of the front-end storage links of farmers’ grain in China. The study found out that at present, the scale of grain storage of farmers in China is gradually decreasing, but the total scale is still large. The purpose of grain storage of farmers is mostly used for rations and feed grain, and a small amount is to wait for a better time to sell grain. There are regional differences in the number and scale of grain storage of farmers, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the main production area is higher than the production and marketing balance area and the main sales area. The study also found that the loss rate of grain storage in China’s farmers showed a downward trend, and there were significant differences in the loss rate of grain storage among farmers. Due to the poor storage facilities of farmers, improper storage management, weak scientific storage awareness, lack of storage technology and other reasons, the loss of rodents, mildew and pests is large, among which the loss of rodents is the most serious. Finally, the study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for targeted derogation management.