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脂肪和碳水化合物供能比对大鼠脂肪代谢和肠道微生物的影响
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Effects of Fat and Carbohydrate Energy Supply Ratio on Fat Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in Rats
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    摘要:

    日常饮食中脂肪和碳水化合物的占比对脂质代谢、糖代谢和身体健康具有重要影响,在有效 能(代谢能)一致的前提下,研究了饮食中不同脂肪和碳水化合物供能比对大鼠脂肪代谢和肠道菌群 的影响。试验采用 64 只 9 周龄 SPF 级雄性 SD 大鼠,随机分成 4 组,分别为:HFf 组(脂肪与碳水化 合物供能比(F/C)为 40% : 45%)、MFf 组(F/C 为 31% : 54%)、LFf 组(F/C 为 21% : 64%)和 CON 组(对照饲粮)。结果表明,各组间大鼠体重、血糖和血脂以及肝脏脂肪变性情况均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。 HFf 组的肝脏甘油三酯、腹脂脂联素显著高于其他三组(P < 0.05);且相比 CON 组,HFf 组 的肝脏乙酰辅酶 a 羧化酶(ACC)基因表达量降低,而脂肪酸转运酶(FAT/CD36)、控制脂肪合成的 固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP1)以及促进脂肪细胞分化的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARγ) 基因表达量增加(P < 0.05)。与 CON 组相比,HFf 组、MFf 组和 LFf 组的大鼠肝脏胆固醇合成因子羟 甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶 A(HMG-CoA)基因表达量均增加(P < 0.05)。另外,饮食中 F/C 高时(40% : 45% 和 30% : 55%),大鼠肠道绒毛发育受损,肠道中有益菌属丰度降低,潜在致病菌属丰度增加。高脂 组虽然饮食中脂肪占比高,由于纤维素含量高,缓解了由高脂饮食引起的体重增加和血糖血脂异常, 但仍然存在肝脏脂肪升高和肠道健康受损等症状,大鼠饮食中 F/C 不宜超过 30%。研究结果为膳食中 适宜的宏量营养素配比提供了理论参考。

    Abstract:

    The proportions of fat and carbohydrate in diet have an important impact on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and health. On the premise of consistent dietary available energy (metabolic energy), the effects of different fat and carbohydrates energy supply ratios in diet on fat metabolism and gut microbiota were studied. Sixty-four 9-weeks-old SPF grade male SD rats aged 9 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups including: HFf group (energy supply ratio of fat to carbohydrate (F/C) 40% : 45%), MFf group (F/C 31% : 54%), LFf group (F/C 21% : 64%) and CON group (control diet). The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid and liver steatosis among all groups (P > 0.05). The liver triglyceride and abdominal adiponectin of HFf group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene expression in the liver of HFf group decreased, while the expressions of lipid synthesis genes, fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1), and adipocyte differentiation gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) increased in HFf group (P < 0.05). Compared with CON group, the cholesterol synthesis factor hydroxymethylglutarate monoacyl CoA (HMG-CoA) gene expression in the liver of HFf, MFf and LFf groups were all increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the higher dietary F/C (40% : 45% and 30% : 55%) resulted in impaired gut villi development, which led to decreasing abundance of beneficial bacteria but increasing abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, under the same dietary available energy, although the diet of the high-fat group contained a high proportion of fat, it also contained a high content of cellulose, which effectively alleviated the weight gain and blood glucose and lipid abnormalities caused by the high-fat diet. However, there were still symptoms such as increased liver fat and impaired intestinal health, and the F/C in the diet of rats should not exceed 30%. This provides a theoretical reference for the appropriate proportion of macronutrients in the diet.

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王薇薇,杨 莹,王 丽,宋 丹,李爱科*.脂肪和碳水化合物供能比对大鼠脂肪代谢和肠道微生物的影响[J].粮油食品科技,2023,31(5):142-151.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-09-26
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