Whole grains have gained great attention due to their important roles in nutrition and health. Fresh brown rice noodles, which have been considered as a nutritious and healthy whole grain staple food, are more prone to be spoiling, aging, hardening and easy broken with high cooking loss rate. The factors affecting the quality of fresh brown rice noodles were systematically described, and the changes in water content, pH value, cooking quality, water migration, texture and microstructure of fresh brown rice noodles during storage were also summarized. The mechanism of quality deterioration of fresh brown rice noodles was elaborated and analyzed. Furthermore, the latest research progress (from the year 2016 to 2023) on the quality control technology of fresh brown rice noodles was reviewed, including the selection of raw materials for brown rice, the addition of exogenous additives, the whole grain grinding of brown rice, and the backfilling method of rice bran for preparing brown rice noodles. This review could provide the references for the quality control and improvement of fresh brown rice noodles.