The hyperspectral imaging technology has the feature of “image and spectrum in one”, which brings together the features of traditional imaging and spectroscopic techniques, and both image information and spectral information of the agricultural products could be obtained. Therefore, this technology can not only detect the external characteristics of objects by imaging technology, but also obtain the internal quality and food safety information of agricultural products by the spectral technology, including variety classification, physical and chemical index determination, fungal infection detection and pesticide residue detection, etc. Compared with traditional detection methods, hyperspectral imaging has been applied in the field of non-destructive testing of agricultural products due to its simple pretreatment, non-pollution and non- destructive characteristics in the detection process. This review started from the theoretical basis of hyperspectral imaging, and summarized its image acquisition and analysis methods, followed by expounding the research progress of hyperspectral imaging technology in the field of nondestructive testing of agricultural products in the past five years. This review could provide information on the classification and nutritional quality of agricultural products and food safety assessment methods to provide reference.