Coicis semen has the effects of invigorating the spleen, invigorating the lungs and removing dampness, clearing heat, expelling pus, removing stagnation and stopping diarrhea. The main nutrients of Coicis semen are fatty acids, esters, polysaccharides, flavonoids, glycoproteins and other components. The results of modern pharmacological studies have shown that Coicis semen has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, improving immunity, lowering blood sugar, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and regulating blood lipid metabolism. By consulting relevant literature in recent years, this paper reviewed the extraction process of Coicis semen nutritional components, including fatty acids, lipids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, Coicis semen oil. Modern pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, improving immunity, lowering blood glucose and regulating blood lipid metabolism were also included. The development directions of Coicis semen for hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, osteoporosis and other related functional foods were summarized. This review could provide reference for further development and application of Coicis semen.