In this study, we observed the effects of Langxue Jie on neurological function score, cerebral edema, cerebral infarction area, cell morphology and oxidative stress indexes of cerebral ischemia rats, and explored its brain protection effect. The middle cerebral artery embolization (MCAO) model of rats was established by the method of thread embolization. The rats were randomly divided into six groups, and the neurological deficit score (mNSS) of rats was recorded for 14 consecutive days. TTC staining was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. The water content of brain tissue was determined (%). SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA oxidative stress indexes were detected in serum of rats. Compared with Sham, the cerebral tissue water content, cerebral infarction area and neurological function score in model group were higher, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, indicators of oxidative stress, were decreased with significant differences (P<0.05), while MDA content was increased. Compared with Model group, neurobehavioral score and cerebral infarction volume in DBH/M group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and DBH/M group was superior to NXT group. In the treatment group, the water content of brain tissue was decreased, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased, and MDA content was decreased. There was significant difference in DBH group (P<0.05), but no significant difference in NXT group (P>0.05). It is concluded that Longxue Jie can reduce the water content of brain tissue, reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve cell morphology, reduce oxidative stress response and therefore improve nerve injury, and produce brain protection.