MCTs is an important component of fat emulsion for special medical purposes (FESMP), and palm kernel oil is the natural food source of MCTs. In order to develop palm kernel oil based FESMP, the oil phase formula of the emulsion was designed according to the General Rules of Formula Food for Special Medical Use and the Reference Dietary Nutrient Intake of Chinese Residents, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed. The preparation process of fat emulsion was optimized by Zeta potential and particle size, the stability was evaluated and the effect on serum lipid was studied in mice. The results showed that the ratio of n–6 to n–3 in oil phase was 5.16±0.05; Step-by-step emulsification method was adopted, and the optimal emulsification process parameters were as follows: emulsification speed of 10 000 r/min, emulsification time of 20 min, and emulsification temperature of 50 ℃. The initial emulsion was homogenized by high pressure homogenizer at 50 MPa for three times and autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 10 min, and the product quality was stable. The results of animal experiments showed that the fatty acid balanced emulsion could significantly reduce the content of Triglycerides (TG) in serum of mice (P<0.01), and reduce the content of Total cholesterol (TC) in serum (P<0.01). It can also reduce the Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C content (P<0.05) and increase the content of High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.01). Therefore, it has a certain significance for regulating the level of blood lipid.