At present, the infrastructure for intelligent construction of grain storage depots in our country is relatively complete. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the construction of intelligent monitoring and early warning systems for insects. The common intelligent monitoring and early warning systems for stored grain pests based on image recognition, infrared photoelectric, acoustic detection, capacitive sensors and other technologies were summarized. The advantages and limitations of each technology are compared in this paper. At present, improving the data set capacity, counting accuracy and recognition accuracy of the intelligent monitoring system are the key technologies. Based on multi-field coupling theory, establish a mathematical model for population growth of different pests and the corresponding expert decision-making system to form the industrial chain of detection and early warning and control, which is the development direction of intelligent grain depot in the future. The industrial chain of prevention and control is the direction of the future development of intelligent grain depots. This article systematically summarizes the latest research results to help promote the construction of intelligent grain depots in my country's grain storage industry.