Ginkgo seed shells were used as raw material in this study. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was applied to prepare CNFs and its applications in Pickering emulsions were studied. The results showed that CNFs with different size can be obtained by altering homogenization pressure ranging from 10~70 MPa. The higher the homogenization pressure, the smaller the size of CNFs. Moreover, these CNFs with different size exhibited different physical properties. CNFs-10 with large size showed higher crystallinity and hydrophilcity, while CNFs-70 with small size had lower crystallinity and higher hydrophobicity. Additionally, the stability of emulsions was closely related to properties of CNFs. The emulsion prepared with large size and high hydrophilic CNFs-10 has poor stability, while the emulsion prepared by CNFs-70 with small size and high hydrophobicity shows excellent stability. These results prove that CNFs can also produce stable Pickering emulsions which providing a certain method for the utilization of shell waste.