To assess the precision and accuracy of the benzopyrene detection method, uncertainty evaluation model was established by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Uncertainties in each components were analyzed in this paper, and the composed and expanded uncertainties of three different food samples (rice samples,smoked meat samples and edible vegetable oil samples) were measured. The results of the expanded uncertainties of rice samples, smoked meat samples and edible vegetable oil samples were all 0.5 mg/kg. The assessing results showed that calibration solution preparation had the most impact on all these three different food samples，and the relative composite uncertainty was 0.02326. Meanwhile, the uncertainty from electronic balance for edible vegetable oil samples was the highest among the three samples and the relative composite uncertainty was 0.010 21.