In order to establish a fast and feasible extraction method of proso millet oil in laboratory, the current study determined the optimal Soxhlet extraction conditions by response surface test analysis, used petroleum ether as solvent. The results showed that all the three factors had significant effects on the extraction yield, and extraction temperature had the largest effect, followed by the ration and the extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of petroleum ether to millet powder was 20 (mL/g), the extraction temperature was 80 ℃, and the extraction time was 30 min. This experiment is of great significance for the later studies on proso millet oil.