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日本の寒地,北海道におけるうるち米粒外観品質の育種(日文)(网络首发、推荐阅读)
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Breeding for Good Appearance Quality of Non-glutinous Rice Grain in Cold Region of Hokkaido in Japan (Japanese text)(Online First, Recommended Article)
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    摘要:

    北海道では旧来,米粒外観品質を東北以南に遜色ない程度まで向上させるため,乳白,腹白などの未熟粒が少なく整粒歩合や玄米と精米の白度が高くなるように,主に達観により選抜を行ってきた。その結果,1903年以降に育成された新旧品種では,整粒は育成年次が新しいほど概して多く,未熟粒,被害粒および着色粒は減少した。とくに,1961年育成の「ユーカラ」は,整粒歩合が同時代や以前の品種に比べ顕著に高く,系譜からみてその良質性はその後に育成された良質良食味米品種に受け継がれた。1984年以降に育成された主要品種は東北以南の銘柄米品種に比べ,整粒歩合がやや低く未熟粒歩合はやや高かった。玄米と精米の白度は,1971年より前の育成品種では腹白粒等の混入が多く,それが白度を上げるため育成年次と一定の関係が無かった。それ以降,両白度は新しい品種ほど高くなり,精米蛋白質含有率が低いほど高い傾向があった。現在の主要品種は東北以南の銘柄米品種に比べ,玄米白度はやや劣るが,精米白度,玄米透明度および精米透明度には明確な差異が無かった。さらに,整粒のみの玄米白度では,差異はなかった。以上から,現在の北海道主要品種の米粒外観品質は,東北以南銘柄米品種に比べ未熟粒がやや多く整粒がやや少ないことを除き,明確な違いはなくなった。

    Abstract:

    In Hokkaido, improving appearance quality of non-glutinous rice grain nearly up to those of varieties in the area south of Tohoku district has been the important breeding objective for a long time. For decreasing immature grain such as milky white and white-belly rice so on, increasing whole grain and heightening the whiteness of brown and of milled rice, selections mainly by visual estimation have been used up to the present time. In new and old varieties bred in 1903 and after, the varieties bred lately had more whole grain, and less immature grain, less damaged grain and less colored grain. Genetically “Yukara” bred in 1961 had extremely more whole grains comparing to varieties bred in before or the same age. On their pedigree record the main varieties bred after “Yukara” with good eating and good appearance quality of grain inherited the good appearance quality from “Yukara”. The main varieties bred in 1984 and after had rather less whole grain, and had rather more immature kernel than the main brand-name varieties in the area south of Tohoku district. Varieties bred before 1971 had many white-belly rice so on, and in new and old varieties varieties bred lately didn’t have higher whiteness of brown and milled rice. In varieties bred in 1971 and after, varieties bred lately, however, had higher the whiteness of brown and of milled rice, and negative correlation was found between protein content and the whiteness of brown and of milled rice. Although the present main varieties of Hokkaido had lower whiteness of brown rice comparing to main brand-name varieties in the area south of Tohoku district, those varieties of Hokkaido had the same whiteness of milled rice, the same transparency of brown rice, the same transparency of milled rice, and the same whiteness of brown rice especially with only whole grain. Although the present main varieties of Hokkaido had rather more immature kernel and rather less whole grain comparing to main brand-name varieties in the area south of Tohoku district, in grain appearance quality there weren’t clear differences between those varieties of Hokkaido and of the area south of Tohoku district.

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丹野 久,吉村徹,木下雅文.日本の寒地,北海道におけるうるち米粒外観品質の育種(日文)(网络首发、推荐阅读)[J].粮油食品科技,2020,28(6):29-37.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-11-20
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