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日本寒冷地带北海道优良食味粳稻育种研究(网络首发、推荐阅读)
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Breeding of Japonica Rice for Good Taste in Hokkaido in Cold Zone of Japan(Online First, Recommended Article)
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    摘要:

    长久以来,北海道产大米的食味口碑一直不高,也未出现像“越光”一样全日本知名的优良食味品种,因此,自1980年开始历时28年,北海道立(现称道总研)农业试验场致力于粳稻优良食味品种快速研究项目的实施。为实现快速研发的目标,通过世代促进栽培法和花药培养法成功缩短了育种年限;采用扩大育种规模的方式,并利用优良食味、耐寒性等内外部有效基因培育兼具优良食味及早熟耐寒性的品种;初期世代开始主要通过分析大米的蛋白质含量、尤其是直链淀粉含量,中间世代则通过少量蒸饭的方式进行食味品鉴,选育出优良食味种系。在食味遗传基因的改良方面,先是集聚北海道优良食味的遗传基因培育出品种“雪光”,再经由北海道品种引进“越光”的优良食味遗传基因,之后以日本东北优良食味遗传基因品种“秋田小町”作为直接杂交母本,分别成功培育出品种“闪光397”和“星之梦”,其直链淀粉含量与以往多肥多产品种的22%相比降低了2%。在此基础之上,引进美国品种“国宝玫瑰”优良食味遗传基因的品种“七星”成功问世,其直链淀粉含量又降低了1%;以变异低直链淀粉种系“北海287号”为母本,成功培育出“梦美”,其直链淀粉含量15%~16%,粘度和软度俱佳,食味亦可与“越光”媲美。

    Abstract:

    In the northernmost Japan, Hokkaido, there wasn’t a brand name of rice variety like “Koshihikari” for a long time, and its rice received poor evaluations for eating quality. Therefore, it has been 28 years since 1980 that Hokkaido Prefectural (current Hokkaido Research Organization) Experiment Station started a project of rapid research on the good eating varieties good eating variety of Japonica rice. In this project, In order to achieve the goal of rapid research and development, the breeding years were successfully shortened by generation promotion cultivation method and another culture method; By expanding the breeding scale, and using the internal and external effective genes such as good taste and cold tolerance, the varieties with good taste and early cold tolerance were bred. To select good eating strain effectively, the analysis of rice protein content, especially amylose content were performed in early generation, after that estimating by eating a small amount of rice cooking were used. As a result, on introduction of gene for good eating quality, firstly, accumulating good eating quality genes of Hokkaido varieties was used in breeding of “Yukihikari”. In the next, good eating quality of “Koshihikari” and “Akitakomachi” of Tohoku and south area variety were introduced to “Flash 397” and “Hoshinoyume” respectively. Amylose content of those new varieties was lower 2% than 22% of old variety. Moreover good eating quality of “Kokuhorose” of USA variety was introduced to “Nanatsuboshi”, and amylose content reduced another 1% in its variety. After that, using low-amylose variant “Hokkai 287” induced by culture as parent, “Yumepirika” with amylose content of 15%~16% was bred which had excellent stickiness, softness and good eating quality as same as “Koshihikri”.

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丹野 久.日本寒冷地带北海道优良食味粳稻育种研究(网络首发、推荐阅读)[J].粮油食品科技,2020,28(6):1-9.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-11-20
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