This paper summarizes the rapid detection methods of edible vegetable oil components from the aspects of analysis principle and application technology, such as simulation sensory analysis, spectral analysis, electromagnetic spectrum analysis and biochip technology. The application results of these techniques in the component mixing identification of edible vegetable were further analyzed. It was showed that the integrated online rapid detection technology of multi-channel, multi parameter and multi capacity will be the developing direction of component analysis of edible vegetable oil and will lay a technical foundation for further improving the quality supervision of edible vegetable oil and safeguarding the interests of consumers in China.