With the rapid development of fructose industry, dietary fructose intake of Chinese residents has increased steadily. Thus, it is particularly critical to investigate the status of dietary fructose intake and its relationship to health. The relationship between dietary fructose and chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and gout were reviewed in this paper. The aim of this study is to provide reference for the fundamental researches and applications of fructose.