More than 140 camellia oleifera seeds and oil samples were collected from the main producing areas of camellia oleifera by investigating the resources of camellia oleifera in China. The quality of camellia oleifera seeds and the fatty acid composition and quality index of camellia oleifera seed oil were studied and analyzed. The national standard GB/T 11765—2018 “camellia oleifera seed oil” was revised by collecting and analyzing the data. The main technical contents of the standard is introduced in detail in order to help readers understand the intention of revising the various indicators easily.