The influence of moisture content and temperature on the growth of fungi during paddy storage and the main quality of the paddy was studied. The paddy with moisture content of 12.1%,13.1%,14.0%,15.1% and 16.0% were stored for 180 days at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ℃, respectively in order to detect the growth of fungi, change of germination rate and fatty acidity. The results indicated that the moisture content was the determinant of fungal growth. Moisture content 13.1% was below the critical for fungal growth which will not grow under the moisture even if the temperature was suitable;14.0% was above the critical and above the critical value, the higher the moisture content, the more suitable for fungal spores germination, and the higher the temperature, the faster the fungal growth; the fungal growth had a larger influence on fatty acidity than the moisture and the temperature. Under the condition of the moisture content of paddy was below 13.1%, there was no growth of fungi and the fatty acidity value rose slowly. On the other hand, when the moisture content of paddy was above 14.0% and once the fungi grew, the fatty acidity value would rise rapidly. Germination rate was affected by the temperature more than fungal growth and moisture. When the paddy stored in high temperature for half a year, no matter fungal grew or not, the germination rate will almost reduce to zero. Low temperature storage can not only inhibit the growth of fungi, but also keep the seed germination rate.