The effect of rapid determination of cadmium content in grain by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was discussed, which was compared with that by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that the detection limit was 0. 026 mg/kg and limit of quantitation was 0.061 mg/kg; all of the accuracy, repeatability and stability of the instrument conformed to the requirements; there were no significant differences between measurement stations. The method is simple, convenient, with high sensitivity and without environmental pollution, and is suitable for grain depots to store grain with cadmium content over standard and non over standard separately when loading grain in order to prevent secondary pollution, which is of great significance to ensure food quality and safety.