Tartary buckwheat is introduced into the diet as an alternative crop and raw material for functional food due to its excellent nutritive and prophylactic values.It is a rich source of high-quality proteins，dietary fibre，vitamins and polyphenols，and the content of rutin in flowers is over 8%.This article has reviewed overseas and domestic research status of tartary buckwheat in the aspect of its nutritional components and prophylactic values，and some rational development strategies were provided based on the current situation and existing problems in tartary buckwheat processing industry.