The industrialization of biological breeding is of great significance for enhancing China's agricultural competitiveness and safeguarding national food security. In recent years, driven by the in-depth implementation of the Seed Industry Revitalization Initiative, the industrialization of biological breeding in China has accelerated across the board, and the supporting legal and regulatory system has been continuously optimized and improved. Combined with the development landscape of the global biological breeding industry, this paper divides countries into four categories: proactive, cautious, neutral and oppositional. It analyzes China's position in the global biological breeding sector, and systematically reviews the historical evolution of China's biological breeding industry across four stages: technological germination and early exploration, institutional establishment and standardized management, public opinion impacts and policy adjustments, as well as accelerated development and institutional refinement.The research reveals that the industrialization of biological breeding in China still faces multiple practical challenges, including difficulties in implementing the quantitative labeling system, the relatively lagging safety supervision system, the imperfect intellectual property protection framework, the breakpoints in whole-chain management and control, and the prominent public cognitive biases. Based on China's national conditions and drawing on advanced international experience, this paper proposes optimization approaches such as accelerating the implementation of quantitative labeling, improving the technical system for supervision, strengthening intellectual property protection, building a whole-chain management and control system, and enhancing the popularization of biological breeding knowledge. The findings aim to provide theoretical references and practical insights for promoting the sound development of China's biological breeding industrialization and consolidating the foundation of national food security.