Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a distinct chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, yet its precise pathogenesis remains elusive. To investigate the impact of dietary factors on IBD, this study focused on oxidized triglycerides-harmful components derived from commonly used frying oils, to examine their effects on two immune cell types: murine primary T cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Through comprehensive methodologies including CCK-8 cell viability assays, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry, this study systematically monitored immune cell viability, expression levels of inflammation- related cytokines, apoptosis rates, and proliferative capacity. By analyzing and integrating the experimental data, it revealed that oxidized triglycerides significantly promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6) in RAW 246.7 cells while suppressing the anti- inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10. Concurrently, these compounds reduced cellular viability, enhanced apoptosis in primary T cells, and inhibited their proliferative potential. Based on these experimental observations, this study concludes propose that oxidized triglycerides at specific concentrations can induce immune cell damage, potentially compromising immune regulation and exacerbating inflammatory responses in vivo.