The issue of declining rice consumption and falling prices in Japan, which is becoming increasingly severe year by year, is undoubtedly an industry issue directly linked to the contraction of the rice market. However, I believe it should also be viewed as a national issue that impacts the expansion of the twin deficits, fiscal and trade deficits. In addition, to treat these issues as national issues and act, it is vital to investigate the causes behind these problems and the context that has intensified their seriousness. This study examines the historical causes of the decline in Japan's rice consumption and falling prices, exploring their impact on Japanese society. It identifies increased consumption of livestock products and higher spending on imported foods as key factors contributing to the sustained decline in rice consumption. These trends are also seen as one of the factors exacerbating national fiscal policies and deteriorating trade surpluses, ultimately increasing the risk of a double deficit in Japan's fiscal and trade balances.