SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS, OILS AND FOODS

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Volume 30,Issue 4,2022 Table of Contents

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  • 1  The High-Quality Development Path of Grain Logistics in China in the New Era(Online First, Recommended Article)
    ZHENG Mo-li JI Liu-guo HUANG Si-si ZHANG Lu LYU Chao
    2022, 30(4):1-6.
    [Abstract](81) [HTML](2489) [PDF 386.44 K](719)
    Abstract:
    Promoting the development of grain logistics in the new era plays an important leading and supporting role in ensuring national grain security and accelerating the high-quality development of the grain industry. Grain logistics connects grain production, circulation and consumption, which is an important guarantee for maintaining the security and stability of the grain industry chain and supply chain and serving the new development pattern of double circulation. This research strives to break through the bottleneck of large overall scale, low degree of intensification, long transportation distance between production and marketing areas, difficulty to match grain supply and demand, low degree of specialization of grain logistics, and unbalanced regional development, on the basis of the improvement of channels, line layout and logistics level in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period under the new situation and new requirements. We also strive to solve the key problems of layout optimization, interconnection, and facility improvement of grain logistics from perspectives of improving system level, promoting balanced development of regions, and improving professional service capability. We suggest to apply new technologies, adopt new models, make up for shortcomings, and reduce costs to build a modern grain logistics system with reasonable layout, complete functions, wisdom and efficiency, open sharing, and green ecology. This research provides a reference for the high-quality development of grain logistics in China in the new era.
    2  Research on the Reasonable Scale and Layout Planning of China’s Grain Storage Facilities in the New Era(Online First, Recommended Article)
    JI Liu–guo QIN Bo LIU Zeng-qiang QIAO Hao-ran YANG Xue-qing
    2022, 30(4):7-12.
    [Abstract](53) [HTML](248) [PDF 514.32 K](442)
    Abstract:
    Grain storage facilities are an important material carrier of China’s grain security system, and are of great significance for accelerating the high-quality development of the grain industry, maintaining the security and stability of China’s grain industry chain supply chain in the new era, and building a higher-level, higher-quality, more efficient and more sustainable grain security system. According to the characteristics of China's grain production and demand, this paper innovatively proposes a reserve size measurement method based on the amount of surplus grain, overcomes the shortcomings of the disconnection between the reserve size and the output, gives the method of reasonably measuring the scale of storage facilities according to the functions of different links of acquisition, reserve and transit. According to the characteristics of different links, we find out the main determinants of each link as follows: the storage is mainly determined by the amount of commodities, the reserve is mainly determined by the size of the reserve, the transit is mainly determined by the flow of goods. A formula is established through the coefficient analysis, and the reasonable scale of grain storage and logistics facilities is derived. The economic model of the reserve warehouse that optimizes the layout of storage facilities is proposed, that is, the reserve warehouse based on the reserve function has the highest efficiency at a certain scale, and the scale should not be too small or too large. The relevant measurement methods proposed in this paper provide an important reference and basis for the rational planning and construction of grain storage facilities in different regions in the new era.
    3  Research on the Sustainable Development of Regional Public Brands of Grain in the New Era(Online First, Recommended Article)
    LIU Jie QIN Bo LI Teng-fei ZHANG Lu YANG Guo-lei
    2022, 30(4):13-22.
    [Abstract](28) [HTML](258) [PDF 532.96 K](234)
    Abstract:
    The construction of regional public brand of grain is an important part of the economic development of grain industry in the new era, and the role of market and government is the essence of its sustainable development. Based on the existing theories, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of regional sustainable development of grain, sorts out the influencing factors and designs a questionnaire. Through empirical analysis, this paper studies the role of market and government in sustainable development. It is found that the role of market and government runs through the whole process of sustainable development, the role of government in the “cultivation stage” and “growth stage” is obvious, and the role of market in the “mature stage” is more prominent. Suggestions are given as follows: First, in the “cultivation stage” and “growth stage”, the government will take the lead, standardize the brand management, and draw the boundaries of property rights; excavate the connotation of quality, and play its role in promotion. Second, in the “mature stage”, the market will take the lead and give full play to the advantages of enterprise operation and regional resources. Third, at any stage, to develop regional public brands in grain, we need to pay attention to product quality, consolidate the brand foundation, establish industrial alliances to help regional brands, and strengthen standard guidance to standardize brand development.
    4  Application of Entropy Weight Method in Planning and Layout of Grain Logistics Nodes in the New Era——Take the Coastal Channel as an Example(Online First, Recommended Article)
    WANG Xiao-cong YANG Yu-ping JI Liu-guo ZHENG Mo-li YANG Guo-lei
    2022, 30(4):23-27.
    [Abstract](29) [HTML](239) [PDF 371.02 K](215)
    Abstract:
    Grain logistics nodes are an important part of the support of the grain logistics system. Using a reasonable method to determine the level of grain logistics node cities is the key to scientifically deploy grain logistics nodes. With the formation of the grain circulation pattern of “transportation of grains from the north to the south” and “transportation of foreign grains to the inside”, it is of great significance to optimize the layout of grain logistics nodes in the “coastal channel”. Based on the related research of grain logistics node layout, we build the primary index of index system which includes the logistics demand, service capacity, transport facilities, food industry economy and logistics node importance, adopt the entropy weight method to get the index weight of grain logistics nodes, calculate the grain logistics nodes development index of the coastal channel, and provide policy suggestions to optimize the of grain logistics channel distribution.
    5  Research on Efficient Grain Purchasing, Storage and Management Mode in the New Era(Online First, Recommended Article)
    ZHANG Lu LIU Cheng-long QIAO Hao-ran YANG Xue-qing QIN Bo
    2022, 30(4):28-34.
    [Abstract](53) [HTML](249) [PDF 515.28 K](426)
    Abstract:
    The construction of efficient grain purchasing and storage system is the basis for improving China’s grain purchasing and storage regulation capacity as well as ensuring food security. This paper points out the development trend of grain purchasing and storage in the new era by analyzing the existing situation and problems of grain purchasing and storage in China. Combining the new requirements of China’s grain reserves and aiming for the purpose of “improving environment, conserving resources, enhancing scientific management, advancing technology, beautifying grain storage, increasing benefi”, we also propose the efficient purchasing, storage and management mode of grain, namely the “1+5” standardized purchasing and storage model. The model includes a “three-in- one” grain post-harvest service system of establishing high-quality grain source bases, providing “five generations” services and providing information services, and 5 purchasing and storage key points of the creation a functionally reasonable purchasing and storage layout, the whole-process bulk grain logistics, the environmental-friendly and efficient storage and exit systems, green modern grain storage, and standardized management of purchasing and storage. This study aims to effectively promote the modernization of purchasing and storage, providing reference for the high quality development of grain purchasing and storage in the new era.
    6  Research on the Construction and Realization Path of China's Modern Grain Industry System under the Background of High-quality Development(Online First, Recommended Article)
    ZHANG Shu-juan LI Teng-fei
    2022, 30(4):35-42.
    [Abstract](97) [HTML](256) [PDF 537.58 K](667)
    Abstract:
    Establishing a modern grain industry system is a powerful measure to maintain the national grain security and an effective way to adapt the main contradictions in the new socialist era and improve the quality of industrial development. Based on the development characteristics, main contradictions, social needs and industrial laws of the new socialist era, this paper studied the basic framework and composition of the modern grain industry system. This study showed that the main characteristics of the modern grain industry system are the modernization of the industrial chain, the high efficiency of supply chain, the advanced value chain, and the efficient coordination of all links of storage, transportation, processing and marketing. It is pointed out that the goal of building a modern grain industry system is to form a modern grain industry development mode with multi-elements, whole chain, multi-level, toughness and sustainability. The development path of modern grain industry system includes four aspects: the construction of modern grain reserve system, modern grain processing system, green and low-carbon logistics system, and modern science and technology support system. On this basis, the research put forward several policy suggestions such as to deepen the supply side structural reform, accelerate the construction of a unified grain circulation market, improve the stability and systematisms of industrial policies, and promote the digital transformation for the construction a modern grain industry system.
    7  Research on Building Demonstration Nodes of Western China International Grain Logistics Channel under the Belt and Road Initiative(Online First, Recommended Article)
    LYU Chao QIN Bo ZHANG Lu LIU Zeng-qiang LIU Cheng-long
    2022, 30(4):43-50.
    [Abstract](82) [HTML](248) [PDF 1.00 M](545)
    Abstract:
    The “Belt and Road” countries are important grain producing areas in the world, and the amount of grain imported by China from countries along the “Belt and Road” has increased year by year. With the changes in the international trade situation, opening up international channels for grain logistics in China’s western region is of great significance for the diversified development of grain import channels. This paper analyzes the current situation of grain trade between China and the countries along the Belt and Road, as well as the land logistics channel for grain import. It puts forward three demonstration nodes including the “outer grain base, inner corridor” mode, the industrial park leading the international grain logistics channel mode, and overseas warehouse building mode. It also gives suggestions for demonstration nodes development, including establishing an interest linkage mechanism to build a sustainable high-quality grain source supply system, developing bonded processing to construct the “Belt and Road” characteristic industrial chain, constructing grain logistics parks to play the role of important carriers of international channel. This paper provides a reference for the construction of international grain logistics nodes in the new era and has practical significance for ensuring China’s grain security.
    8  An Overview of Planting, Research and Industrialization of International Millet Crops(Online First, Recommended Article)
    SHEN Qun WANG Chao
    2022, 30(4):51-59.
    [Abstract](110) [HTML](370) [PDF 4.47 M](692)
    Abstract:
    Millet crops are a general term of a class of annual crops with small grains, drought resistance, and barren resistance. Millets are mostly planted and consumed in developing countries in Asia and Africa. Foxtail millet and prosomillet are the most cultivated varieties in China. Governments of relatively developed countries in Asia, Europe and America pay more attention to scientific research and investment of millet crops rather than planting and consuming situation of that. The number of published papers on millet research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ranks first in the world, followed by that funded by European Commission, the UK Research and Innovation Agency, and the US National Science Foundation. However, in the last five years, India published the most of research papers, followed by China and the United States. Millets have many health benefits due to their richness in dietary fibers, proteins, minerals polyphenols, et al., so food science and technology and plant science have been becoming the hottest research areas on millet. Finally, we described some traditional and industrial millet products.
    9  Historical Evolution and Future Development Direction of Foxtail Millet Planting in China(Online First, Recommended Article)
    LI Shun-guo LIU Fei LIU Meng ZHAO Wen-qing ZHAO Yu
    2022, 30(4):60-67.
    [Abstract](67) [HTML](252) [PDF 637.06 K](734)
    Abstract:
    Foxtail millet are representative of the origins of dry farming in the north of China, having been domesticated and cultivated around 8 000 years ago, with setaria italica cultivation gradually dominating food production around 5 000 years ago and reaching its peak in the prehistoric period around 2 000 years ago. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a period of transition from primitive setaria italica production techniques to traditional agricultural techniques, the emergence of oxen and iron farming tools and intensive cultivation techniques led to a breakthrough in setaria italica cultivation during the Spring, Autumn and Warring States period. Foxtail millet cultivation areas expanded during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and traditional setaria italica cultivation flourished during the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, rice and wheat gradually rose in prominence, gradually replacing the traditional status of setaria italica, but in the traditional Yellow River basin, foxtail millet still occupied a staple food position. During the Yuan and Song dynasties, wheat continued to spread to the south and grain production gradually overtook cereals. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the area planted with high-yielding crops such as maize and sweet potatoes expanded rapidly to meet the food needs of the rapidly growing population, but foxtail millet remained an important grain crop in the north. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's foxtail millet acreage continued to decline, going through three phases: the period as a staple food, the transition period from staple to miscellaneous cereals, and the miscellaneous cereal period, mainly due to slower yield increases, cumbersome cultivation, reduced consumer demand and a lack of policy. In the new era, the nutritional, ecological and cultural attributes of foxtail millet will bring new opportunities for the development of the foxtail millet industry. In the future, China's foxtail millet planting area will rise steadily, the demand for high-quality edible, nutritional and health care, special processing and other special varieties will become a trend, the type of processed products will be more abundant, and the foxtail millet industry will gradually develop in the direction of functionalization, branding, quality and high-end.
    10  The Progress of Foxtail Millet Breeding in China(Online First, Recommended Article)
    CHENG Ru-hong ZHANG Ting WANG Gen-ping LUO Yan-jie
    2022, 30(4):68-75.
    [Abstract](63) [HTML](212) [PDF 427.41 K](696)
    Abstract:
    Understanding the breeding and research history of Foxtail millet has important significance for guiding future breeding and research. In this paper, several Foxtail millet breeding development stages in our country as well as the breeding targets and representative varieties of each stage are reviewed. From the founding of People's Republic of China to new century, the goals of Foxtail millet breeding can be roughly divided into two stages: high-yield breeding stage (1950-1985) and high-yield, multi-resistance and high-quality stage (1986-2000). In the new century since 2001, the millet breeding goals and breeding methods have undergone major changes, which can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is from 2001 to 2008, which broke through the contradiction between high quality and high yield. A series of representative varieties were bred at this stage, including first class high quality Jigu 19 and Changnong 35 whose yield in the regional test increased by more than 10% compared to the control, the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant hybrid variety Zhangzagu No. 3, and the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant multi-line variety Jigu 25. The second stage is from 2009 to 2018, which broke through the limitation of light and temperature sensitivity. The high quality and widely suitable variety Yugu 18 was bred, which can be used in 4 ecological regions. 50% of the tested varieties in the regional test at this stage were resistant to herbicide. The representative varieties such as Jigu 39, Jinmiao K1, and Zhangzagu 13 have high quality, broad adaptability, herbicide-resistance, and suitability for mechanized production. Some new varieties, such as herbicide-resistant varieties with resistance to imazethapyr and nicosulfuron, high glutenin varieties, and high resistant starch varieties, were bred at this stage. The third stage is after 2018. The herbicide-resistant varieties in the regional test increased to 89%. They were widely used, and 4 of Top 5 lagest planting area varieties in the country were herbicide-resistant. The new herbicide-resistant varieties resistant to sulfamethoxazole were bred. Preliminary progress has been made in biological breeding at this stage. A high-efficiency genetic transformation system of millet has been established, high-oleic acid varieties have been bred with molecular markers, and new materials such as haploid inducible lines have been created by genome editing.
    11  Effect of Foxtail Millet Intervention on Gut Microbiota in High-fat-diet and STZ Induced Diabetic Rats(Online First, Recommended Article)
    REN Xin ZHANG Fu-long QIN Meng-yuan SHEN Qun
    2022, 30(4):76-84.
    [Abstract](78) [HTML](250) [PDF 1.36 M](268)
    Abstract:
    Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to further explore the effect of foxtail millet on gut microbiota of diabetic rats, the 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the changes of gut microbial composition and relative abundance in the rats fed with high-fat diet combined with STZ, from two dimensions of horizontal (different groups) and vertical (before and after intervention), respectively. It was shown that foxtail millet can significantly increase the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_2 and Lactobacillus, and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Blautia. Foxtail millet intervention also decreased the ratio of Bacteroides to Firmicum in high-fat-diet and STZ induced diabetic rats. And these changes were related to physiological indexes. In conclusion, foxtail millet intervention can reverse the effect of type 2 diabetes on gut microbiota, and make the gut microbial composition of rats develop toward a more healthier direction.
    12  Variations of Free Amino Acids during the Germination of Brown Foxtail Millet(Online First, Recommended Article)
    LIU Jing-ke ZHANG Ai-xia ZHAO Wei LIU Ying-ying ZHANG Jia-li LI Shao-hui WANG Yun-ting LI Peng-liang
    2022, 30(4):85-94.
    [Abstract](41) [HTML](245) [PDF 1.27 M](461)
    Abstract:
    Germination can improve the level of the free amino acid, and further improve the nutritious value of the foxtail millet. However, the effect of germination temperature and time on them is still unclear. The free amino acid of the germinated foxtail millet has been analyzed at different germination temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃) and time (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). Results reveal that 21 components of free amino acids increased. The lower temperature or higher temperature is not suitable for the accumulation of the free amino acid. The free amino acids increase to the maximum at the germination temperature of 30 ℃ for 30 h. The total free amino acids and total essential free amino acids can reach (810.7±69.0) and (367.8± 30.2) mg/100g, respectively. Among the amino acids, the contents of alanine and threonine increase to the highest level. The alanine has increased to (120.0±12.0) and (115.0±14.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 30 and 35 ℃, respectively. The threonine has increased to (106.0±1.0) mg/100g at the temperature of 35 ℃. The γ-aminobutyric acid reaches the maximum level at the germination temperature of 35 ℃ and reaches (60.1±1.8) mg/100g. In conclusion, the germination can promote the increase of the free amino acid and adjust the nutrition of the foxtail millet, and the germinated foxtail millet is a potential source for functional food.
    13  Progress and Prospect of Control Technology for Stored Grain Pests——Fumigation Insecticides(Online First, Recommended Article)
    XU Yong-an
    2022, 30(4):95-104.
    [Abstract](295) [HTML](237) [PDF 513.56 K](1525)
    Abstract:
    Phosphine and sulfuryl fluoride are two kinds of fumigation insecticides allowed for use in China and overseas. Phosphine is the “trump card” fumigation insecticide for stored grain, while Sulfuryl fluoride is mainly used as the phosphine resistance management drug. Therefore, both of them are complementary to a certain extent. In view of the application status, problems, and challenges faced by the prevention and control of stored grain pests in China, this paper investigated and sorted out the basic technical characteristics, main production enterprises, production and sales, application technology, residual problems, disposal methods, and application dominance of global grain fumigation pesticide aluminum phosphide (phosphine). Combined with the domestic and international situation, this paper also summarized the technical characteristics, its relationship with phosphine, demand, application characteristics and existing problems of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation, and put forward the suggestions and necessity of systematically carrying out the research on sulfuryl fluoride fumigation and its impact on the environment, so as to comply with the concept of “green, ecological, economic and efficient” and provide reference for the scientific and technological development of stored grain pest control in China.
    14  Progress and Prospect of Control Technology for Stored Grain Pests——Integrated Control Technology(Online First, Recommended Article)
    XU Yong-an
    2022, 30(4):105-110.
    [Abstract](238) [HTML](253) [PDF 390.56 K](1121)
    Abstract:
    Under the guidance of the principle of integrated control, this paper investigated and sorted out several methods of integrated control of stored grain pests (physical, chemical and biological control), the management principles of phosphine resistance, the effect of resistance control, essentials and existing problems of comprehensive prevention and control. Some suggestions on the development of integrated pest control technology in stored grain were put forward. In order to deal with pest resistance effectively, reduce pest occurrence, reduce the use of chemicals and the dependence on chemical fumigations, we should pay attention to the combined application of fumigation, protectant, physical control and biological control methods to improve the integrated pest control technology system for grain post-harvest storage and logistics that is suitable for China, so as to comply with the concept of “green, ecological, economic and efficient” and provide ideas for scientific and technological development of integrated pest control in grain storage in China.
    15  Optimize the Production Process and Quality Characteristics of Sea Rice Bran Biscuit
    HE Jing-ying LI Hai-ling PI Cai-yu TANG Zhen-dong XU Jie SU Wei-ming ZHONG Sai-yi
    2022, 30(4):111-119.
    [Abstract](42) [HTML](232) [PDF 1.32 M](336)
    Abstract:
    Rice bran is the main by-product of sea rice and sea red rice. It contains many nutrients and physiologically active substances. The use of it and the development of new products are conducive to the effective use of resources. Using sea rice bran as raw material, the production process of rice bran biscuit is optimized through single factor test and response surface test. Combined with texture, electronic nose measurement analysis and sensory fuzzy evaluation method, the influence of the addition of rice bran powder, butter, and white sugar on the color and flavor of the rice bran biscuits is analyzed. The results show that the best formula for sea rice bran biscuit is: low-gluten flour of 63.5%, corn flour of 23.68%, clear noodles of 13.16%, eggs of 26.32%, butter of 59.38%, granulated sugar of 31.12%, rice bran powder of 10.53% (Based on total flour quality (100%)). Rice bran biscuits of such formula scored highest on sensory ratings. The texture analysis found that with the addition of rice bran increasing, the hardness, toughness and brittleness of the optimized biscuits rose first and then fell, and the color continually deepened. The results of the electronic nose showed that there were differences in the flavor characteristics of biscuit products with different formulations. The biscuit products of each formulation were sensitive to nitrogen oxides and sulfides. Through principal component analysis, different biscuit products can be easily distinguished. This research aims to develop refined processed products of sea rice by-products and to provide references for the comprehensive deep processing and utilization of grain by-products.
    16  Causes, Preventive Measures and Devices Application of Grain Crushing and Automatic Grading
    ZHENG Lai-ning HOU Wen-qing DU Lian-peng FENG Pan-yi
    2022, 30(4):120-127.
    [Abstract](140) [HTML](246) [PDF 2.61 M](852)
    Abstract:
    Grain crushing and automatic grading were common and inevitable phenomenon in grain transportation and storage. Grain crushing and automatic grading not only affect the use value of grain and reduce the processing quality and trade grade, but also bring great risks to the safety storage of grain. It’s of great significance to solve the problems of grain crushing and automatic grading for ensuring grain quantity, improving grain quality and storage stability, and ensuring grain safety. In this article, the causes of grain crushing and automatic classification during the process of storage were analyzed, and prevention measures were proposed according to the characteristics of grain. At the same time, to provide reference and guidance for storage enterprises when design or select devices, we also analyzed the characteristics and application of anti-breaking and automatic grading devices applied in current silo.
    17  Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides and Conjugated Linoleates Combined With Edible Oil on Fat Hoarding and Cognitive Function of Rat
    XU Yi-fei HONG Ming ZHOU Na YIN Xi-quan CAO Hong-ying
    2022, 30(4):128-135.
    [Abstract](92) [HTML](243) [PDF 2.11 M](531)
    Abstract:
    The effects of constituted edible oils prepared from medium chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleates on fat accumulation and cognitive function of rats were investigated. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control (distilled water), lard, healthy oil and combined oil groups. The rats were oral administration for 4 weeks. The body weight, food intake and water consumption of rats were recorded, while the cognitive function was investigated using morris water maze. The Lee’s index, as well as the weights of perirenal, abdominal, epididymal and epicardial fat were measured, besides, the blood was obtained for blood glucose, liver function, lipid metabolism, leptin and TNF-α testing. The structure of small intestine and liver lobules was observed. Compared with the control group, the weight of perirenal, epididymal and epicardial fat, as well as TNF-α and ALT were significantly higher in the lard group. Compared with the lard group, the fasting glucose values, ALT, the weight of perirenal, epididymis and epicardial fat, as well as TNF-α were significantly lower in the healthy oil group and combined oil group. Compared with the control and lard groups, the level of triglycerides was significantly lower in the combined low group. The reconstituted oil has potential benefits on controlling the increase of triglyceride level and inflammatory response induced by high amount of oil intake.
    18  Nutritional Components of Baccaurea ramiflora and the Processing Technology Research of B. ramiflora Wine
    LI Qiu-qi LIU Xiao-li YANG Jing-juan JIANG Ding-hong WU Yue LU Shu-yu ZHANG Xi
    2022, 30(4):136-142.
    [Abstract](33) [HTML](240) [PDF 519.18 K](346)
    Abstract:
    Using three varieties of Baccaurea ramiflora as raw material, the nutritional components of pericarp, pulp, and stone were respectively determined. The processing technology of B.ramiflora wine was investigated by single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the moisture and flavonoids contents on pericarp of the white pericarp B.ramiflora grown in Thailand the artificial cultivated B.ramiflora and the wild B.ramiflora grown in Kunming-Xishuangbanna were higher than 85% and 13.18 mg/g, respectively. The pericarp polyphenols and pulp polysaccharide of B.ramiflora artificially cultivated in Xishuangbanna were 46.95 mg/g and 743 mg/g, respectively. The Vitamin C content in pulp of Thailand varitywas 5.63 mg/100 g. The best conditions for fermentation were fermentation temperature of 27 ℃, fermentation time of 6 days, initial sugar concentration of 24 % vol, liquid-material ratio of 1∶1 (w/v) and yeast inoculation quantity of 0.2% (w/w). Under the optimum conditions, the alcohol content of B.ramiflora wine was 12.3%vol, sensory score was 86.5, DPPH free radical scavenging rate was 13.84 mg/mL, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was 14.32 mg/mL, leading the wine to be intensely fruity with a refreshing aftertaste.
    19  Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Vitamin C from Capsella Bursa-pastoris by Response Surface Methodology
    WU Hai-yan SHI Xiao-ling YUAN Qiu-mei CHEN Jian-jun YUAN Chun-xin
    2022, 30(4):143-149.
    [Abstract](37) [HTML](269) [PDF 1.31 M](423)
    Abstract:
    The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters of Vitamin C from Capsella bursa-pastoris was studied by Response Surface Methodology. The main factors of the extraction were selected by the Confounded Fractional Factorial test. The extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken test. The results showed that the major influential factors of extraction were: ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature and material to solvent ratio. The optimum conditions were as follows: 1% oxalic acid, material to solvent ratio of 1∶10 (g/mL), ultrasonic time of 12 min, ultrasonic temperature of 32 ℃ and ultrasonic power of 100 W. In this condition, the extraction amount of Vitamin C from Capsella bursa-pastoris was (54.88±0.22) mg/100 g.
    20  Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Astaxanthin Gelatin-Gum Arabic Microspheres
    CHEN Yi-ying XU Zheng-di JIANG Jie CHENG Bing-duo LI Yuan-zeng MA Yun-shu
    2022, 30(4):150-156.
    [Abstract](56) [HTML](299) [PDF 577.92 K](325)
    Abstract:
    This research aims to prepare Astaxanthin Gelatin-Gum Arabic microspheres and to explore its preparing technology and pharmaceutical properties. The Astaxanthin Gelatin-Gum Arabic microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method using gelatin and Gum Arabic as carrier and Astaxanthin as core material. The preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal test. The absorbance of Astaxanthin was determined by UV spectrophotometer, the entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity of the Astaxanthin microspheres were calculated, and the release value of Astaxanthin microspheres was determined. The Astaxanthin Gelatin-Gum Arabic microspheres had a good appearance, with the entrapment efficiency of 93.28%, the drug loading of 9.91%, the mean particle size of 39.75μm. The optimum processing method, with good reproducibility, of Astaxanthin Gelatin microspheres was: the ratio of oil to water of 4∶1, the concentration of gelatin of 15%, the emulsifying temperature of 60 ℃. The preparation technology of Astaxanthin Gelatin-Gum Arabic microspheres was stable and feasible, which could provide the basis for improving astaxanthin oil smell and preparing solid functional food of Astaxanthin by pharmaceutical technology.
    21  Research on the Protective Effect of Botanical Beverage with Pueraria Extract and Hovenia Dulcis Thunb. Extract on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice
    WU Ming-cao YU Xing SHEN Xu-dan JIANG Wen-hao QIAN He
    2022, 30(4):157-163.
    [Abstract](65) [HTML](281) [PDF 1.07 M](268)
    Abstract:
    In this paper, the protective effect of a botanical beverage with pueraria extract and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice was investigated. The acute alcoholic liver injury model was established by a one-time gavage of 50% alcohol, and then the relevant biochemical indicators and liver tissue morphology were detected to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the botanical beverage. Compared with the model control group, the middle-dose of plant beverage with pueraria extract and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract can significantly reduce the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and LDL in the serum of mice with acute alcoholic liver injury to (19.17±6.22) U/L, (14.81±4.61) U/L, (4.77±0.33) mmol/L, (1.92±0.24) mmol//L, (0.22±0.09) mmol/L, increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH in liver, and decrease MDA content to (0.80±0.09) nmol/mg pro. This plant drink can also significantly improve the pathological changes of liver tissue to a certain extent, and reduce steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The experimental results showed that the plant beverage with pueraria extract and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract had a certain protective effect on the liver tissue of mice after acute alcohol exposure.
    22  Preparation and Application of Time-resolved Fluorescent Nanospheres Based Rapid Quantitative Detection Card of Fumonisin B1
    LIU Hong-mei ZHENG Meng-yao YUAN Hua-shan WANG Ping-dong ZHAO Wan XIAO Li-wen YE Jin WANG Song-xue
    2022, 30(4):164-171.
    [Abstract](54) [HTML](247) [PDF 474.37 K](306)
    Abstract:
    In order to meet the needs of rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in grains, this paper takes fumonisin B1 as the research object, and creates a rapid quantitative detection card of FB1 on the basis of time-resolved fluorescent nanospheres, with no need to adjust the PH of samples before detection. The detection performance of the detection card in grains (rice, corn, wheat) was analyzed and compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and high performance liquid chromatography. The LOD for different samples was in the range of 35.37~37.17 μg/kg, and the LOQ was 117.9~123.9 μg/kg, which meant good sensitivity; the linear range was 250~6 000 μg/kg, while the correlation coefficient R2 was in the range of 0.997 2~0.999 5; the spiking recoveries at 6 spiked levels in different samples were in the range of 83.38%~114.66%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 15%, which meant good accuracy and repeatability. When the national standard liquid chromatography and FB1 fluorescence quantitative rapid detection card simultaneously detects different samples contaminated by FB1, the coincidence of the detection results was in the ranger of 92.53%~106.26%, with the CV less than 10.37%. The cross-reaction rate of other five common mycotoxins was less than 5%. Meanwhile, the difference between the spiked concentration and their average detected concentration was extremely significant, indicating good specificity. Hence, the FB1 fluorescence quantitative detection card prepared in this study could meet the needs of on-site rapid quantitative detection of fumonisin B1 in grains.
    23  Simultaneous Determination of Konjac Glucomannan and Starch in Konjac Flour by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
    WU Bo LI Ming-xia LIU Shu-rui LIU Zhong-si HUANG Chao-bo CHEN Li-shui
    2022, 30(4):172-177.
    [Abstract](87) [HTML](232) [PDF 483.75 K](444)
    Abstract:
    This research aims to establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and starch in konjac powder. In this paper, konjac powder was hydrolyzed into glucose and mannose by acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysate of konjac powder was derivatized by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5- pyrazolone (PMP). The contents of glucomannan (KGM) and starch in konjac powder were determined by HPLC with UV detector. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of KGM and starch in four kinds of konjac flour were ≤4.40%, the recovery of glucomannan was 87.98%~103.31%, and the RSD was ≤5.25%; The recovery of starch was 91.50%~108.05%, RSD≤7.67%. This method can be used for the simultaneous determination of KGM and starch in konjac powder. The establishment of this method is of great significance to the classification control of konjac powder.
    24  Cultivation and Application of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
    YUE Hai-yan LIU Xiao-jie SUN Min LI Na LIU Zhan-feng
    2022, 30(4):178-184.
    [Abstract](19) [HTML](242) [PDF 474.15 K](849)
    Abstract:
    A closed gas-up reactor was selected for self-cultured Chlorella pyrenoidosa, the ventilation of carbon dioxide from carbon source obtained by univariate optimization was 2%, and the sodium nitrate of nitrogen source was 10 g/L. More suitable medium components were obtained through the uniform design of Chlorella pyrenoidosa culture medium: K2HPO4 of 0.6 g/L, MgSO4 of 0.2 g/L, NaNO3 of 11 g/L, K2SO4 of 0.8 g/L, ammonium ferric citrate of 0.006 g/L, CaCl2 of 0.05 g/L, vitaminB1 of 0.11 g/L, EDTANa2 of 0.01 g/L, Na2WO4 of 0.08×10–3 g/L, NiCl2 of 0.02×10–3 g/L; In the experiment, a suitable light source with intermediate white light and surrounding colored light was used, and the oxygen was maintained at about 20% with an oxygen scavenger, under which 8.648 g/L dry cell was obtained finally. The protein content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa is as high as 58 g/100 g, and the amino acid and mineral elements of Chlorella pyrenoidosa is also rich by analysis. We studied the replacement of wormwood powder with Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and produced Chlorella pyrenoidosa qingtuan.
    25  Simulation Study on Cooling and Ventilation Effect of Different Central Air Collection Pipe Forms on Shallow Circular Warehouse
    YANG Tai ZHANG Xiu-lin SUN Hao-sen WANG Yuan-cheng YANG Kai-min
    2022, 30(4):185-192.
    [Abstract](65) [HTML](301) [PDF 4.16 M](339)
    Abstract:
    On the basis of CFD numerical simulation technology, the numerical simulation results of radial ventilation and cooling under different central air collection pipe forms of shallow circular silo were analyzed, and they were compared to judge the advantages and disadvantages. The grain type studied in this paper was soybean. The temperature distribution and air distribution in the grain pile under the ventilation of the top or opening or non-circulation of four variable diameter central air collection pipes were numerically simulated. The numerical simulation results of the eight cases were compared to analyze their ventilation uniformity and ventilation cooling rate. It is found that the air collecting duct has obvious advantages when its height was flush with the grain surface, thick at the top and fine at the bottom, which is mainly reflected in its ventilation uniformity. The research results provide theoretical guidance and basis for the selection of ventilation and cooling methods for soybean storage in shallow circular warehouse.
    26  Research on Influencing Factors of Box Dimension by Simulating Grain Storage Accumulation
    CHEN Xiao-yu LU Xin
    2022, 30(4):193-198.
    [Abstract](40) [HTML](252) [PDF 1.84 M](256)
    Abstract:
    In order to study the influencing factors of grain pile permeability, the influencing factors of fractal dimension closely related to permeability were explored based on fractal theory. Firstly, EDEM software is used to simulate the formation process of grain pile to verify the accuracy of the box dimension detection method of image binary method. Then this method is used to measure the analytical dimension of grain pile section, and explore the influence of grain warehousing speed and particle uniformity on fractal dimension. The results show that the fractal dimension of grain pile is positively correlated with permeability, and a larger permeability of grain pile is conducive to the temperature control of subsequent grain pile and the reduction of mechanical ventilation and cooling energy consumption. The storage speed of grain stockpile has a great influence on the permeability of grain stockpile. It is found that when the speed of a single grain conveyor is 14.3 t/h, the fractal dimension is large and the permeability is large, and the efficiency of grain stockpile is not affected; The stacking mode of grain pile has less impact on permeability, and the natural stacking mode of grain conveyor is more beneficial to grain. The calculation results have reference significance for guiding grain warehousing.
    27  Research on Storage Quality of Wheat in Air-film Reinforced Concrete Spherical Silo
    YAO Qu ZHANG Zhong-jie YIN Jun LI yan-wei
    2022, 30(4):199-205.
    [Abstract](49) [HTML](255) [PDF 6.44 M](299)
    Abstract:
    The air-film reinforced concrete spherical silo (hereinafter referred to as the air-film spherical silo) is a new type of storage structure. In order to explore the effect of the air-film spherical silo, the paper takes the first air-film spherical silo in China as a research object, and takes the wheat grain pile as the research target. The grain temperature quality, quality index, toxin and other indicators were tested and analyzed. The results showed that, during the grain storage process, the wheat grain heap in the air film spherical silo had no pests, no mildew, and all quality indicators met the suitable storage standard. The grain situation was stable and the quality was good, the air-film spherical silo is a new type of warehouse suitable for grain quality and safe storage.
    28  Path of Low-Carbon Development of State-Owned Grain Storage Enterprises under Carbon Neutrality(Online First, Recommended Article)
    PENG Wei LIANG Dong-lin YIN Gui-hua ZHANG Zhong-jie
    2022, 30(4):206-210.
    [Abstract](34) [HTML](312) [PDF 359.44 K](513)
    Abstract:
    The Chinese government has announced the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, demonstrating China's responsibility as a major country to actively respond to climate change and promote sustainable development of the world. In recent years, state-owned grain storage enterprises have vigorously promoted energy saving, carbon reduction, and efficient development in upgrading grain storage facilities and equipment, innovating grain storage technology and, strengthening standardized storage management. Combined with the current situation of the development of state-owned grain storage enterprises, the concept of "carbon neutral grain" was proposed firstly in the paper. Under the goal of carbon neutrality, state-owned grain storage enterprises should do a good job of “subtraction” of low carbon operation as well as actively utilize “addition” of green energy such as photovoltaic power generation, taking the lead to realize their own low carbon development and lead the industry as an example.
    29  Research on the Technical Specification for Label Symbols and Instructions of Food Contact Products
    ZHANG Li-yuan WEI Cun-qian LI Hai-yan
    2022, 30(4):211-217.
    [Abstract](43) [HTML](358) [PDF 435.14 K](261)
    Abstract:
    We researched label symbols and instructions of food contact products in China, expecting to provide technical guidance on label design regulation for manufacters. This paper summarizes the technical specification of food contact product labeling and instructions for use by reviewing domestic and international regulations on food contact product. This study finds that China’s standards do not specify that only products having passed the quality requirements of the national standards for food contact products can be marked with the "food contact" symbol, resulting in poor "Food contact" symbol brand effect. In addition, the standards do not have systematic and comprehensive regulations on the use of the product instructions and precautions. Therefore, this paper proposes to improve the relevant regulations and standards, so that the "food contact" symbol is linked to good quality of the product and brand effect can be strengthened. We also suggest to refine the instructions and precautions for use of regulations and standards, thereby promoting the standardization of the labeling of food contact products and instructions.
    30  Teaching Reform of Food Processing Machinery and Equipment Based on Engineering Education Certification
    XIA Qiu-yu CHEN Jian-ping SONG Wen-kui LIU Shu-cheng
    2022, 30(4):218-222.
    [Abstract](33) [HTML](235) [PDF 364.01 K](298)
    Abstract:
    Based on the background of engineering education certification, the course objectives of “Food Processing Machinery and Equipment” were optimized by integrating the concept and standard of engineering education certification and the major training objective of Food Science and Engineering. Taking the course assessment results of 6 classes in one academic year as an example, the achievement of course objectives and the existing problems in the course of “Food processing Machinery and Equipment” were analyzed, then some suggestions on teaching reform including course objectives, teaching content, teaching methods and assessment and other aspects were proposed, so as to improve the degree of achievement of course objectives and guarantee the teaching effect.

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