Abstract:The separation and extraction process of protein components in oat were optimized by single factor experiments and the protein subunit components of oat were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the optimal temperature for extraction of oat albumin was 40 ℃, the optimal salt concentration for globulin was 7%, the optimal ethanol concentration for prolamin was 75%, the optimal alkali concentration for glutenin was 0.05 mol/L, the extraction rate of oat protein 83.1%. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the oat albumin distributed in the range of 10~100 kD; the oat globulin was composed of two subunits with molecular weight in the range of 97.4~100 kD and 43~ 66.2 kD respectively; the distribution range of most oat prolamin subunits was 18.39~40.72 kD; and the distribution range of some oat glutenin subunits was between 20.67~26.66 kD and 43.29~50.80 kD.

Abstract:Tartary buckwheat protein hydrolysate was prepared with tartary buckwheat protein as substrate, hydrolyzed by Alcalase 2.4 L, papain, pepsin, trypsin, and combination of pepsin and trypsin to simulate in vitro digestion. The antioxidant properties of different protein hydrolysates were tested by DPPH and ABTS+·scavenging ability. The result showed that the order of the degree of hydrolysis of different proteases hydrolysates was: Alcalase 2.4 L > pepsin+trypsin >pepsin> papain>trypsin. The tartary buckwheat protein hydrolysate by Alacalase 2.4 L had highest degree of hydrolysis of 29.95%. The original tartary buckwheat had antioxidant ability. The highest scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS+·of original tartary buckwheat protein was 71.91% and 11.25%, but both of them were significantly lower than positive control group of Vc. With the increase of hydrolysis degree, the antioxidant ability of protein hydrolysate increased. The protein hydrolysates from Alcalase 2.4 L showed the highest antioxidant ability, which was significantly higher than original tartary buckwheat protein. The highest scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS+·of protein hydrolysates from Alcalase 2.4 L were 91.65% (0.5 mg/mL) and 16.67% (1 mg/mL), respectively. At high concentration (>0.5 mg/mL), protein hydrolysates from Alcalase 2.4 L showed no significant difference compared with positive control of Vc. Besides, protein hydrolysates from Alcalase 2.4 L showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than other protein hydrolysates. Therefore, the tartary buckwheat protein hydrolysate by Alcalase 2.4 L could be used as an antioxidant.

Abstract:Highland barley is one of feature crop in plateau. Research on highland barley products obtain more and more attention because of the special cultivation area and abundant nutrition components. The research progress on the highland barley products, including soft beverage, fermentation products and cereal food, was summarized. The existing problems in processing were analyzed. The future development direction of highland barley processing was prospected.

Abstract:The HZZD rotary cleaning screen was used as the prototype to establish the simulation screening system model. To obtain the best motion parameters, the discrete element analysis software EDEM was used to analyze the factors affecting the average propelling speed of the particles and the screening efficiency by changing the parameters of the cleaning screen. The analysis results showed that the order of the influence of the factors on the average propelling speed of the particle group was: radius of gyration of the sieve> rotating speed > inclined angle of the sieve surface; To achieve a better screening effect, the radius of gyration should be taken as 20 mm, the rotating speed as 450 r/min and the inclined angle of the sieve surface as 6 to 8.

Abstract:The finite element analysis of the temperature field of the 1M emery roller of the Bühler MDDK1000/250 roller mill was carried out. The results showed that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the roller gradually decreased from the start of the work of the roller mill to 80 ℃ or so. In the steady state, the roll surface temperature change tended to be fast at first and then slow down. However, the heat flux of the entire roll body showed a tendency of rising at first and then falling and then stabilizing. As the roll surface temperature gradually reached steady state, the overall temperature field of the roller mill remained basically stable. The research conclusions provide theoretical basis for the designer of roller mill and provide reference for peers.

Abstract:The preparation of soybean isoflavone chocolate were optimized through single factor and orthogonal experiments with soybean isoflavone (40% of soybean genistein and genistin) as one of the chocolate ingredients. The total intake of soybean genistin and genistein was 30 mg/d for climacteric women, which was an effective intake for the xenoestrogen effect. Through optimization, the optimum process parameters of soybean isoflavone chocolate were as follows: fine grinding temperature was 45 ℃, fine grinding time was 8 h, refining temperature was 80 ℃, refining time 72 h, attemperation time was 30 min, the ingredients were: soybean isoflavone 1.25%, cocoa mass 9%, cocoa butter 18%, sugar 35%, milk powder 8%, edible vegetable oil 28%, lecithin 0.5%, and spice 0.25%. The soybean isoflavone chocolate prepared by the optimized formula has a certain improvement efficacy to menopausal syndrome.

Abstract:Black sesame is rich in nutrition, as homologous substances of medicine and food which has the functions of protecting liver and kidney, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, preventing atherosclerosis, regulating blood lipid and protecting nerve. The nutritional content and health function was summarized, and the current problems in research were analyzed and forecasted, providing reference for the further development and utilization of black sesame.

Abstract:Haematococcus pluvialis, as an important new resource food, not only is a " concentrated product " of natural astaxanthin, but also a potential protein source. Algae proteins have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, reducing blood pressure, anti-tumor, antithrombosis and immune regulation. It will have broad prospects for development in the fields of food, health care products, medicine and dyes. At present, the haematococcus pluvialis is chiefly used for astaxanthin, which results in less application of protein source. The classification, composition, preparation method, biological activity, and application of haematococcus pluvialis protein were described in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of protein products in haematococcus pluvialis.

Abstract:With the rapid development of biotechnology, molecular toxicology has shown great advantages in evaluations of drug safety and has drawn more and more attentions, while its application in safety evaluation of grain and oil is still infrequent. Based on the introduction of the traditional detection methods of grain & oil quality and the characteristics of molecular toxicology, the unique advantages of molecular toxicology in the evaluation of grain & oil quality were introduced by a practical example in order to provide reference for the application of molecular toxicology in the field of quality and safety of grain & oil.

Abstract:The content of deoxynivalenol (DON) in whole wheat flour was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The influence of pretreatment method, extraction mode and extraction time, standard curve and chromatographic column on the determination were analyzed. The results indicated that in contrast to the multifunctional purification column treatment method, the immuno-affinity column method used 0.1% of tween leachate sample solution for ageing flour with deep color, the sample was treated clean and the measured chromatogram had less peaks, which was beneficial to the separation of the target peak. Compared with the chromatographic conditions of GB 5009.111-2016, the chromatographic column of C18 and 5 m 4.6  250 mm was more suitable for the determination of the content of vomiting toxin in whole wheat flour.

Abstract:Since the advent of genetically modified food, its safety has been controversial. The people attach great importance to genetically modified food, and are particularly concerned about genetically modified grain. In 2016, the total area of genetically modified crops grown in the world reached 185.1 million hectares. Soybeans and corn are the two genetically modified crops with the largest planting area. Genetically modified soybean and maize are both main genetically modified grain that China imported. The management of genetically modified organisms in the United States, Brazil and the European Union from the aspects of genetically modified crop planting, management department, regulations, and identification system, was introduced. The problems on the supervision and administration of quality and safety of genetically modified grain during purchase and storage process in China were analyzed, and the corresponding policy recommendations were provided.

Abstract:Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly toxic and carcinogenic, which seriously endangers human and animal health. The aflatoxin degradation strains were screened from the soil through enrichment culture, initial screening and rescreening, and the efficient degradation strain was identified and the degradation characteristics were studied. The results showed that the selected strains could degrade AFB1, and the strain A12 was the most efficient one, which was identified as bacillus subtilis, named as Bacillus subtilis subsp. Inaquosorum A12, by morphological, physiological and biochemical analyses and the evolution of 16S rRNA gene system. The degradation rate of supernatant, bacterial suspension, and intracellular fluid of A12 were 87.6%, 17.3% and 10.8% AFB1, respectively. The results indicated that degradation activity of strain A12 was located in extracellular fluid, and the optimal reaction temperature and pH value for degradation of AFB1 by supernatant were 37 ℃ and 7.0, respectively. The AFB1 content could be significantly reduced by inoculating strain A12 to peanut sample contaminated by AFB1. This study laid a foundation for the biological detoxification of AFB1 by strain A12.