Australian grain industry is a significant to Australian economic, characterized by high production capacity, large scale, crop diversification, efficient supply chains and focus on quality and safety, but it is currently and continuously seeking to modernize. The Australian grains industry’s positive reputation is supported by a range of industry codes, standards and environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns, facilitated by the Grain Trade Australia (GTA) led industry self-regulated framework. This article provides an overview of the Australian grain industry supply chain, including its characteristics, advantages, and key measures that uphold its reputation. It elaborates on the role of integrating digital and innovative technologies into the supply chain to enhance tranceparency, covering the importance and applications of such technologies, as well as challenges such as complex data governance, technological fragmentation, and commercial and logistical barriers. The article outlines strategies to address these challenges and analyzes opportunities for supply chain modernization in improving efficiency, ensuring safety, and advancing sustainable development, while offering insights into future prospects. The aim is to provide a reference for ensuring the efficient and sustainable development of the Australian food industry supply chain, and further maintain the global competitiveness of the Australian food industry.