Kazakhstan, one of the world’s major wheat producers and exporters, is the first stop of China’s westward construction of the “Silk Road Economic Belt”. Developing grain trade and international agricultural cooperation with Kazakhstan will help China diversify its wheat import sources. This paper briefly summarized the Kazakhstan's wheat production layout, wheat grades and quality, factors limiting China-Kazakhstan wheat trade, and countermeasures. Wheat production in Kazakhstan was primarily spring wheat, mainly cultivated in three states: Kostanay, Akmola, and North Kazakhstan. The production had long been characterized by extensive cultivation, low-intensity management, and high dependence on weather conditions. While the sowing area was large, the yield per unit area was relatively low.. Kazakhstan wheat had higher gluten index and larger maximum resistance, and moderate import can improve the shortage of high-gluten wheat supply in China. According to the study, imperfect grain grade quality standards, backward storage and transportation conditions and high trade costs were the main factors restricting wheat trade between the two countries. In response, quality and applicability evaluations of Kazakh wheat varieties can be conducted, and mutual recognition of standards between the two countries can be promoted. The development of China-Kazakhstan cooperative logistics chains can be strengthened, and grain processing industries in port free trade zones can be vigorously developed.