Modern food microbiology is a core compulsory course of Food Science and Engineering and an important course in the teaching system of Food majors. We have conducted a research on teaching reform in response to the current problems of outdated teaching content, single teaching methods, and unscientific teaching assessment methods in curriculum teaching. We have taken multiple strategies, including introducing hot cases related to food microbiology in class to update the teaching content, encouraging students to conduct microbiological thematic discussions and presentations in class, adding feedbacks after the “homework submission-review scoring” to achieve a closed-loop teaching. After three rounds of teaching reform practice, the students’ feedback was good, and the teaching effects of modern food microbiology has been significantly improved.