Grain and oil matrix reference materials are commonly used in the evaluation of analysis methods, capability verification, and quality control of laboratory analysis and testing processes, due to the consistent composition with actual samples. They play irreplaceable roles in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results and are important “measuring instruments” in the field of analysis. In recent years, the domestic and international development status, types, and typical applications of reference materials for grain and oil matrices were reviewed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the main problems existing in this field，the demand and trend of the RMs for grain and oil matrices were prospected，which can provide more meaningful reference for the future research on grain and oil RMs