Since the beginning of this century, there has been an acceleration in the scientific theory, study approaches and application technology research and development in the field of grain storage in China. This paper provides an overview of national grain storage science and technology development in the last century, and introduces new developments that have occurred this century. The progress of grain storage technology has been reviewed and prospected from three aspects, micro and macro dimension, as well as through dual-driven AI. In the micro dimension, there has been progress made in understanding grain bulk microorganism mechanism. The basic parameters of grain were researched, followed by the study of characteristics, metabolism, and quality laws for grain seeds, stored grain pests, and microorganisms, using biological science methods such as molecular biology, genetic engineering, proteomics, and metabolomics. Then, the basic parameters, characteristics, metabolism and quality laws for grain seeds, stored grain pests and microorgan-isms were studied, using biological science methods such as molecular biology, genetic engineering, proteomics and metabolomics. Additionally, methods for preventing and controlling mycotoxins in grain bulk were explored, leading to new achievements in these fields. In the macro dimension, interactions between environmental factors in grain storage and macro-level studies were conducted based on the theory of grain storage ecology. The achievements have been introduced based on grain bulk multi-fields between grain biological fields and its multi-physical fields. Furthermore, in the research area of the artificial intelligence (AI) in grain field, some new achievements have been reached through the theory of dual-driven AI for mechanism and data. In conclusion, the progress in grain technology was analyzed and prospects for the future were put forward. Finally, the development prospects are proposed by summarizing the progress of grain technology. At the level of development strategy, it is necessary to improve the management abilities of grain circulation system through science and technology, including the supervision technology of grain safety storage, the quality control and traceability of whole grain chains, and the sustainable development ability of grain industry. The major grain science and technology challenge and grain industry technology bottleneck will be continued to carry out. At the level of scientific theory and methods, theoretical innovation and technology iteration will be promoted through the advantages of ‘technology translation’ and interdisciplinary breakthrough benefits, with the ultimate goal of creating a highway of grain storage science and technology in China.