As an important part of agricultural foreign cooperation, promoting the export of grain machinery industry is an important starting point for strengthening agricultural foreign cooperation and implementing the “the Belt and Road” initiative. Based on the UN CONTRADE database, combined with statistical analysis and case studies, this research made an in-depth analysis of the opportunities, development status and existing problems faced by Chinese grain machinery export under the background of the “the Belt and Road Initiative”. The analysis found that the “the Belt and Road” initiative has brought good opportunities for Chinese grain machinery exports. With comparative advantages such as technology and price, Chinese grain machinery exports in countries and regions along the “the Belt and Road” have continued to grow, and showed the characteristics of increasingly concentrated market structure and stable product structure. However, with the deepening development of foreign cooperation, Chinese grain machinery exports were also facing development difficulties such as a single export model, excessive competition in export prices, shortcomings in core technology, and outdated brand construction. In the future, grain machinery can expand its foreign cooperation paths by strengthening independent research and development, strengthening brand construction, and enriching foreign trade methods and models. At the same time, the government can start by optimizing top-level design and strengthening overseas information services. The foundation of cooperation between grain machinery enterprises and countries along the “the Belt and Road” will be further consolidated, and the level and level of foreign cooperation in grain machinery industry will be improved.