In order to study the influencing factors of grain pile permeability, the influencing factors of fractal dimension closely related to permeability were explored based on fractal theory. Firstly, EDEM software is used to simulate the formation process of grain pile to verify the accuracy of the box dimension detection method of image binary method. Then this method is used to measure the analytical dimension of grain pile section, and explore the influence of grain warehousing speed and particle uniformity on fractal dimension. The results show that the fractal dimension of grain pile is positively correlated with permeability, and a larger permeability of grain pile is conducive to the temperature control of subsequent grain pile and the reduction of mechanical ventilation and cooling energy consumption. The storage speed of grain stockpile has a great influence on the permeability of grain stockpile. It is found that when the speed of a single grain conveyor is 14.3 t/h, the fractal dimension is large and the permeability is large, and the efficiency of grain stockpile is not affected; The stacking mode of grain pile has less impact on permeability, and the natural stacking mode of grain conveyor is more beneficial to grain. The calculation results have reference significance for guiding grain warehousing.