Disorders of glucolipid metabolism is the main cause of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other chronic diseases. As our diet becomes increasingly refined, dietary is gaining attention from academia and people outside. Moreover, it has been recognized by the nutritional sciences as the seventh category of nutrients, which plays an important physiological role in regulating glucolipid metabolism. This paper briefly reviews the relationship between the physicochemical property of dietary fiber, the microbial-mediated regulatory mechanism and glucolipid metabolism, and predicts the future research topics and applications of dietary fiber. It aims to provide insights for further research and application of dietary fiber, as well as the prevention and early treatment of disorders of glucolipid metabolism.