Based on network pharmacology to study the mechanism of walnut in improving memory, the TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients and corresponding targets of walnuts, Geencard and OMIM were used to find memory-related targets, and the “active ingredients-target” association network was constructed through Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and GO biological function enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out for key targets. The active ingredients and targets of walnut analyzed by network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking. Walnut improves memory mainly through 8 active ingredients such as ellagic acid, galloyl glucose, juglone, etc. by the regulation on the targets including PTGS2, PRKCA, PRKCB etc and signaling pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor, NF-κB and MAPK pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients of walnuts, ellagic acid and galloyl glucose, have strong binding with targets such as PRKCA and PRKCB. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional products of walnut improving memory.