It is of significance to strengthen the construction of China ASEAN grain logistics system for ensuring China's grain security. Based on the need to deepen the China-ASEAN grain industry cooperation under the“Belt and Road Initiative”, this paper analyzes the current situation of grain logistics channels in Southwest China and ASEAN countries, and highlights the outstanding problems. Based on the consideration of optimizing the import structure and ensuring regional security, the China-ASEAN cross-regional grain logistics system construction based on the “Belt and Road Initiative” initiative was proposed, focusing on the analysis of logistics nodes, logistics channels, logistics parks and other cooperation channels to puts forward policy suggestions to achieve national strategy and mutual benefit.