A total of 16 walnut samples from different regions of China were analyzed, the fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol composition, polyphenol, tocopherol, phytosterol and oxidation stability index of the obtained walnut oil were determined. The results showed that the fatty acid composition of walnut oil in different regions of China was mainly linoleic acid (51.21%~68.97%), oleic acid (12.56%~26.04%), linolenic acid (6.82%~15.01%), and palmitic acid (3.05%~8.27%). The main triacylglycerol compositions were trilinolein (27.87%~39.47%) and oleoyl-linoleoyl-lynolenoyl-glycerol (17.07%~24.18%). The contents of trace accompaniments such as phytosterols, tocopherols and polyphenol were 540~1 594 mg/kg, 10~ 1 303 mg/kg, 345~2 579 mg/kg, respectively. According to the comparison with other regions, it can be suggested that the geographical location and climate of different planting regions lead to the differences in the composition of walnut oil. MLR analyses between oxidative stability index with fatty acid compositions and minor components revealed that linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and polyphenol were the main factors that affect the oxidative stability of the walnut oil.