The influence of acute hypoxia and high concentrations of phosphine on the behavior and organs of rats was studied. Female or male rats were selected randomly to groups and were put into the atmosphere with the oxygen concentration of 3.0%, 4.4%, 6.4%, 20.9%( control group) and phosphine concentration of 0( control group), 200, 600 mL/L. During that time the behaviors of the rats were recorded and then the organs were dissected to analyse the change. The results showed that under the condition of acute hypoxia and high concentrations of phosphine, the behaviors of the rats were different: under the condition of acute hypoxia, the abdomen of rats dithered quickly and breathed rapidly；under the condition of high concentrations of phosphine，rats behaved intermittent excited as constantly jumping. The lung organ of rats changed significantly. The main performance was that the peripheral pulmonary vesicles appeared compensatory amplification, alveolar hemorrhaged and fibrin entered into the alveolar space. There was no obvious change in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and other organs.